Month: December 2024

本教程适用版本：WPS 365 点击免费使用

语法：

RIGHT(text,num_chars)

Text  是包含要提取字符的文本字符串。

Num_chars  指定希望 RIGHT 提取的字符数。

方法/步骤

1、打开表格，在B1单元格输入=RIGHT(A1,2)，结果是“价格”；表明截取A1单元格字符串右侧的2个字符。

2、在B2单元格输入=RIGHT(A2)，结果是“数”；表明截取A2单元格字符串右侧的第1个字符。

 

Remember when personal computers first started coming into the modern workplace? Almost all of them, regardless of manufacturer, used the same ubiquitous colored plastic case. Called “putty”, it was a generic light brown mixed with off-white, and you would find this same color used for printers and copiers, telephones and filing cabinets and fax machines. Thought to be innocuous and expected to blend in with any decor without showing dirt, it had the effect of being utterly boring and sucking the joy and life out of any room in which it appeared.

We are visual creatures and color is essential to how we relate to objects viscerally and emotionally. Think about that when you’re designing a new prototype or finished product. Sure, it must meet the essential mechanical and performance specs, and we can help you to do that in a variety of plastic or metal materials, in virtually any geometry you can imagine. The choice of color may seem superfluous to function, but if it’s a consumer product then the color affects your relationship to the object even on an unconscious level.

Color theory is an extensive subject on which many volumes have been written, and different cultures throughout time have used color as a signifier for larger philosophical and emotional meaning. Generally in the western world, lighter hues suggest physical lightness and playfulness, especially in yellow and green. Blues are thought to be professional and responsible, purple and deep red are luxurious and expensive – even regal! – whereas green evokes nature and peace. Do you find anymore putty-colored computers on the market? No, they’re usually matte black, glossy white or brushed aluminum these days. People are happier and more productive when the objects around them inspire creativity and engender loyalty rather than boredom.

For 2015, Pantone® has named Marsala as its Color of the Year. What is Marsala? They describe it as “…a naturally robust and earthy wine red.” Or dried blood, depending on whom you ask. Whatever your response to that particular shade, there is a response, and that’s the point. Color speaks to us, and you should consider it carefully when designing your part. At STAR, we have the full color spectrum of PPG® automotive paints, and along with our Pantone® color matching system we can duplicate almost any paint chip sample you have, or make a custom color to order. How many colors can the human eye detect? Almost 16 million, and don’t even get started on textures. We’ll save that for next time.

As you may have realized, CNC machining is an exceptionally versatile way to manufacture your steel part. However, you may be wondering what type of steel is the best option for your project and how you can tell if you are choosing the correct one.

This article will explain the properties you must consider for your steel machined part and our top 10 types of steel for CNC machining to give you some excellent options for your next project. This way, you can be sure to get the best results.

The Benefits of Steel and its Challenges for CNC Machining

While the CNC machining process can produce high-quality and precise parts from many materials, those materials with poor machinability often produce unsatisfactory results. When it comes to the wide variety of steel alloys available on the market, you’ll find a large number of steel alloys with good machinability. In fact, the AISI machinability rating is generally determined relative to B1112 alloy steel.

As we’ve explained previously, to determine a material’s machinability, you should, at a minimum, consider the material’s hardness, allowable heat inputs, and the desired surface finish to assess if it is a suitable material for CNC machining.

Hardness is a key indicator of machinability, and if the material is too hard or too soft, it can cause delays, extra labor time, or even require special equipment. Many of the steels you would consider for your projects are not free machining steels. So they will typically exhibit a higher hardness than free machining steel and feature a machinability rating below 100%.

While hardness generally directly correlates with machinability, the impacts of heat input can be more challenging to determine. Some materials behave differently at high temperatures, and some can even melt. The high heat inputs from machining can affect the microstructure of some materials more than others. For instance, Grade 17-4 stainless steel may need to be solution heat treated after machining to maintain certain desirable properties.

Finally, while higher hardnesses and different sensitivities to heat effects impact the machinability of steel alloys, they can exhibit excellent surface finishes. While this does depend on the grade, materials that exhibit a suitable machinability index generally also exhibit a good surface finish, which can often be further enhanced by a polishing treatment, either chemical or physical.

The Top 10 Steels for CNC Machining Compared

There are many steel alloys available to consider for your project, but to help narrow down your search, we have compiled the top 10 steels for CNC machining. While this list is not all-encompassing, the common steels listed in the table below all exhibit suitable machinability along with a variety of other desirable properties.

 

Steel Alloy Type Description Advantages Disadvantages Applications SS 303 Free Machining Stainless Steel One of the most readily available and highly machinable of all austenitic grades of stainless steel. Excellent machinability, good corrosion resistance, moderate cost. Cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Not suitable for marine applications. Electronic hardware, nuts and bolts, screws, aircraft fittings, bushings. SS 416 Free Machining Stainless Steel Offers superior machinability to any other stainless steel. Outstanding machinability, moderate corrosion resistance, good strength. Not suitable for chlorine or marine environments. Poor weldability and limited availability. Valves, pump shafts, gears, nuts, bolts. SS 304 Stainless Steel One of the most common stainless steels alloys available with good weldability. Good machinability, weldability, and cost. Excellent corrosion resistance. Susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in some applications above 60°C. Some other stainless steel alloys offer better resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. Food handling, utensils, automotive parts, architectural applications, heat exchangers, screws. SS Grade 17-4 PH Stainless Steel It is a grade of martensitic precipitation hardened stainless steel, containing up to 30% chromium. Very high toughness, strength, and corrosion resistance. Requires efficient and careful heat treatment. Nuclear reactors, aircraft turbines, oil and gas applications. 1045 Medium Carbon Steel Versatile medium carbon steel alloy with relatively good strength and hardness characteristics, making it good for wear-resistant applications. Good strength and hardness. Good weldability and machinability. May require post-heat treatment to relieve stress. Axles, bolts, light gears, forged connecting rods. 1018 Mild Carbon Steel The best steel for carburized parts, with excellent weldability. Excellent weldability and machinability. Offers moderate mechanical properties such as strength and ductility. Tie rods, anchor pins, spindles, machinery parts. 1144 Free Machining Medium Carbon Steel A free-machining resulfurized carbon steel with excellent wear resistance. High strength and hardness, good resistance to deformation and wear. Poor overall weldability. Gears, pistons, screws, nuts, rods. 4140 Low Alloy Steel Alloy steel with low chromium, molybdenum, and manganese. Good machinability in the annealed condition. High fatigue, wear, and impact resistance. May require post-heat treatment. Couplings, nuts, bolts, automotive and machinery parts, spindles. 8620 Low Alloy Steel Provides good strength and ductility. Responds well to hardening by nitriding and provides excellent wear resistance. Good strength and wear resistance. Poor response to flame or induction hardening. Piston pins, fasteners, camshafts, gears, and chains. 8630 Low Alloy Steel A high-strength alloy with good hardenability. Good response to heat treatment. Heat treatment may be required before and after machining or welding. Gears, crankshafts, forged connectors, and block valves.

Is Steel the Right Choice for Your Project?

All in all, steel is a highly versatile material, which is why it is one of the most common metals in our daily lives. There are numerous options available that offer specific material properties, all depending on what you need from your final product.

For instance, if you are in the marine applications industry, you may want to avoid the SS 303, even though it has excellent machinability. Instead, you may want to consider the SS 304, which has excellent corrosion resistance.

Likewise, a good option for a relatively inexpensive but very hard carbon steel can be AISI 4140, but stronger options include AISI 1144 and AISI 8630, along with the various stainless steel options.

Our experts can provide CNC machining services for a wide variety of steel alloys. If you have questions, reach out to us or check out our CNC machining services page for more information!

On July 15, the reporter learned from Ningxia Machinery Research Institute Co., Ltd. that the heat treatment equipment based on wind power spindle bearings with a diameter of over 2000mm developed by the company has been successfully developed recently, filling the domestic gap and will greatly improve the heat treatment quality and efficiency of wind power bearings. Achieve domestic substitution of major key supporting components for national wind power equipment.

In recent years, Ningxia Mechanical Research Institute Co., Ltd. has focused on the development of press quenching technology and equipment in the field of equipment manufacturing. Intelligent quenching components with press quenching machine tools, modular quenching molds, and intelligent quenching control systems as the core are located in the segmented fields. No. 1 in the country. Bearings are the core basic parts of high-end equipment such as high-speed rail, wind power, and shield machines. The use of molding and quenching machines for final heat treatment is the most critical equipment to ensure their quenching quality and ensure reliable operation and service life under harsh conditions. The institute's related products have been included in the promotion catalog of national strategic emerging industries, the first set of the autonomous region, etc. It has the only national and local joint engineering laboratory for mold quenching technology and equipment in the country, and has exclusively formulated and released the national industry standard for “Bearing mold quenching machine tools”. It is a domestic leader in press quenching technology and equipment.

Due to their large size, harsh operating environment, high precision and service life requirements, and 20-year maintenance-free life, wind power bearings are difficult to localize and have long been the “bottleneck” restricting the development of my country's wind power industry. Ningxia Mechanical Research Institute Co., Ltd. conquered the autonomous region's key research and development plan in 2023, “Research and Development of Intelligent Molding and Quenching Complete Equipment for Extra Large Wind Power Heavy-Duty High-Precision Bearings” and successfully passed the acceptance inspection, achieving the development of the first set of equipment in this field in China and even the world. . On this basis, the company has launched the research and development of heat treatment equipment for wind turbine spindle bearings above 2000mm, further overcoming the quenching problem of large bearings, which plays a decisive role in improving bearing accuracy and life, while improving production efficiency, reducing costs, and promoting The localization process of large wind turbine bearings.

“The developed intelligent molding quenching technology and equipment components cooperate with domestic and foreign heat treatment heating furnace production units to form an automated wind power bearing heat treatment production line to achieve continuous heat treatment of bearing rings over 2000mm after being heated in a pit furnace.” Ningxia Mechanical Research Institute Co., Ltd. According to the person in charge of the company, the company plans to complete the development of three sets of large-scale bearing ring molding and quenching machine tools, and is expected to complete three heat treatment production lines to achieve large-scale, high-quality, and stable production of large-scale wind power bearings.

At present, our district is making every effort to build a national new energy comprehensive demonstration zone. The proportion of clean energy installed capacity in the district has reached 50.7%. The utilization rate of clean energy ranks third in the country and first in the northwest. It has established a comprehensive system from “parts and components” to “complete machine assembly”. “The wind turbine industry chain.

Recently, the Wanda Bearing lightweight precision bearing innovation research and development and industrialization project with a total investment of 500 million yuan was successfully signed in Rugao High-tech Zone, Husu Science and Technology Industrial Park.

Jiangsu Wanda Special Bearing Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the research and development, manufacturing and sales of forklift bearings and rotary supports, supporting leading enterprises in the global construction machinery, intelligent logistics, ocean-going ships and other special equipment industries. The signed lightweight precision bearing innovation R & D and industrialization project conforms to the national strategic development requirements and the development trend of the host equipment industry, will be around the enterprise's existing two leading products to implement the “lightweight” iterative upgrade, and through the project implementation, focus on the introduction of high-end intelligent thermoforming production lines, so as to improve production efficiency, expand production capacity, increase benefits.

The high-end bearing industry is one of the leading industries for the development of new quality productivity in Rugao High-tech Zone according to local conditions. The successful signing of this project adds a wonderful stroke to accelerate the cultivation of new quality productivity in the high-tech zone through the strong chain reinforcement chain, and instill strong impetus for the realization of high-quality development.

Have you recently come up with a product design that features metals or metal alloys? If so, you’re likely looking for an ideal manufacturing technology to fabricate your parts accurately and precisely while meeting the required tolerance requirements.

CNC machines are among the most in-demand manufacturing technologies for metals today primarily because of their high accuracy, precision, and compatibility with a broad range of metals and metal alloys.

However, when it comes to CNC machining copper, there are several things you must keep at the back of your mind. First, you need to understand that pure copper in itself is challenging to manufacture due to its high ductility and high cold workability. Second, a ton of copper-based alloys now exist that offer similar (or even better) properties than pure copper and are relatively easy to fabricate using CNC machines.

You will have no problem choosing an ideal copper alloy for your design requirements as long as you understand the properties, benefits, and drawbacks of each of these alloys.

This article presents five common copper alloys, including their properties, benefits, drawbacks, and applications. But before we delve right into it, let’s take a look at two things you must consider when CNC machining pure copper.

Copper CNC Machining: 2 Things to Consider

No. 1 Choose the Right Machining Tool Material

Because pure copper is very soft, it typically causes high tool wear and poor chip formation during machining. With copper CNC machining, there is also the possibility of formation of built-up edge—which happens when part of the copper workpiece breaks away and is pressure welded to the cutting tool, causing poor surface finish of the machined copper parts.

We would advise you to use cutting tools made of high-speed steel (HSS) to machine copper as they are generally known to mitigate these challenges. Also, you must sharpen your cutting tools to a good cutting edge before CNC machining copper.

No. 2 Specify the Right Feed Rate

Feed rate describes the rate at which the CNC cutting tool is fed (or advanced) against the workpiece. We recommend low to moderate feed rates for CNC machining copper since high feed rates are generally known to cause high temperatures, making copper much more difficult to machine with precision.

But if your product demands that you use high feed rates, then be sure to use cutting fluids (or coolants) to get rid of the heat.

CNC Machining Copper Alloys: Properties, Advantages, and Drawbacks

Table 1 presents five common copper alloys, including their descriptions, properties, advantages, drawbacks, and applications.

Table 1. CNC machining copper alloys: properties, advantages, drawbacks, and applications

Copper Alloy Common Name Description Advantages Disadvantages Applications Alloy 101

Cu >99.99%

Oxygen < 5 ppm High conductivity (HC) copper Common brasses and bronzes feature copper alloy 101 as the base material. Good machinability, high ductility, impact strength, and electrical and thermal conductivity. Poor corrosion resistance in environments and atmospheres containing ammonia ions. Electronic components, busbars, lead-in-wire and glass-to-metal seals, and waveguides. Alloy 110

Cu >99.90%

50 – 400 ppm Oxygen Electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper Demonstrates the highest level of electrical and thermal conductivity for copper alloys. High electrical and thermal conductivity, good machinability, malleability, ductility, and corrosion resistance. These alloys also have good solderability and are not susceptible to embrittlement when heated. Susceptible to corrosion in the presence of ammonia, mercury, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur. Components for superconductive magnets, vacuum devices, deposition units, glass-to-metal seals, gaskets, ball floats, and linear accelerators. Alloy 122

Cu >99.90%

0.015 – 0.040% Phosphorus DHP Phosphorized copper; Phosphorus-deoxidized copper;

High Residual P copper Similar to copper alloy 110, and has a very high level of thermal and electrical conductivity. Excellent formability, weldability, and more brazing capability than copper alloy 110. These copper alloys can also be easily hot- and cold-formed. Provides low-quality welds in coated metal arc welding. Pipes, tubings, roofing, heat exchangers, and facades. Alloy 145

Cu > 99.0%

0.4 – 0.7% Tellurium

0.004 – 0.12% Phosphorus Tellurium copper Contains varying amounts of tellurium and phosphorus. Demonstrate high structural integrity at temperatures of up to 350°C; good formability, machinability, corrosion resistance, and tensile strength; good conductor of electricity. Unsuitable for specific welding processes like oxy-acetylene welding, spot welding, and coated metal arc welding. Electrical and plumbing components, clamps, electrical switches and connectors, fasteners, and sprinkler heads Alloy 147

Cu > 99.90%

0.20 – 0.50% S Sulfur-bearing copper; ISO CuSP Copper alloy containing sulfur and phosphorus. Excellent machinability, thermal and electrical conductivity; good corrosion resistance;

Ideally suited to soldering, brazing, and butt welding. Provides low-quality welds in specific welding processes like spot welding, coated metal arc welding, and gas shielded arc welding. Crimped conductors

 

CNC Machining Copper and Copper Alloys: Gensun Precision Machining can Help

As this article suggests, copper alloys offer a lot of desirable properties that make them ideal for a broad range of applications. But even after choosing the ideal copper alloy for your product design, the success of your manufacturing project still depends on your manufacturer.

You want to work with a manufacturer that has state-of-the-art equipment as well as highly qualified engineers and CNC operators capable of machining copper and copper alloys.

Gensun Precision Machining is a popular name in the copper fabrication industry and a leading provider of CNC machining services across the globe. Backed by over fifteen years of professional experience, we’ve helped many innovative companies create copper components accurately while meeting their surface finish, precision, and tight tolerance requirements.

Learn more about our cost-effective CNC machining services.

From Oct  3 to 5, 2024, China well-known bearing ring manufacturer Zhejiang Demei Bearing Co., Ltd.was fortunate to attend the annual user meeting(2024 Vienna meeting) held by the world's largest bearing and transmission parts industry platform www.bearingnet.net   . This prominent event attracted industry professionals, manufacturers, and suppliers to discuss advancements and challenges in the bearing and power transmission sector.

Demei Bearing showcased its range of high-quality products during the meeting, including needle roller bearing rings, cold-rolled bearing rings, clutch bearing rings, deep groove ball bearing rings, and hub bearing rings etc. 

Throughout the three-day event, representatives from Demei Bearing engaged with attendees, sharing insights into their product applications and performance benefits. 

The BearingNet user meeting served as a vital event for Demei Bearing to enhance its international presence and explore potential collaborations. As the company looks to expand its market reach, participation in such key events underscores its focus on delivering exceptional quality and service to clients worldwide.

Zhejiang Demei Bearing Co., Ltd. continues to position itself as strategic partner of first-class bearing enterprises, leveraging opportunities for growth through innovation and strategic partnerships formed at events like BearingNet.

About DeMei Bearing:

Founded in 1994, the company is a technology-based enterprise specializing in OEM processing of precision bearing rings. It is a supporting supplier recognized by international top bearing companies SKF and FAG as well as many large domestic bearing companies. The company mainly produces "deep groove ball" bearing rings, "wheel hub" bearing rings, "cold rolling" bearing rings, "clutch" bearing rings, "short cylindrical" bearing rings, "needle roller" bearing rings and automotive parts products. The company has the right to export on its own, and its products are exported to countries in Europe, North America, South America, Southeast Asia and other regions. The registered trademark "Hengli" is a famous trademark in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. The company passed the ISO9001:2000 management system certification in 2003 and the ISO/TS16949&ISO14001:2004 management system certification in February 2010.

The company's business goal is to develop the company into a first-class domestic bearing parts manufacturing group, and to become an enterprise that satisfies customers, is proud of employees, and is recognized by shareholders. "czz-blhl" is the company's trademark and logo, which is derived from the first letters of the key words in the company's business philosophy "honesty and confidence, achieving outstanding performance".

The company currently has two major production bases, Xinchang Hengli and Shengzhou Demei, and adopts a group company operation model for the two production bases.

Contact Us:

E-mail: [email protected]

www.czz-blhl.com

Features:

• Design: Ergonomic design gaming racing style home office chairs are reliable for long hours of gaming and sitting. 
• Movement: Freely swivel five twin nylon castors for easy movement and scratch-resistant. You can move easily anywhere while sitting on it.
• Comfort: Now you can sit relax and enjoy endless gaming hours with this thick padded seat and footrest without any fatigue.
• Linkage Armrest: The linkage armrest itself adjust the angle when you reclining the backrest at a certain angle.

Dimension (+0.5 & -0.5 Inches)

• Overall Depth: 25
• Overall Width: 25
• Overall  Height: 48 – 51
• Seat Width : 19
• Seat Depth : 18.25
• Backrest Height: 33
• Seat Height From Floor: 14 – 17
• Footrest Width: 13
• Footrest Depth: 8
• Recommended Height: Up to 5’9″

Specifications

• Maximum Weight Capacity: 220 lbs.
• Foam Type: High-Quality Foam
• Adjustable Headrest Cushion: Yes
• Adjustable Lumbar Cushion: Yes
• Padded Armrest: Yes
• Reclining: 90 – 120 degree
  
• Material: PU Leather
• Footrest: Yes
• Swivel: 360 degree
• Base: 350 mm heavy-duty nylon base 
• Castors: 60 mm twin nylon castors

What’s in the Package

• All necessary parts, tools and instruction manual included in the box.

Features:

• Design: Ergonomic design gaming racing style home office chairs are reliable for long hours of gaming and sitting. 
• Movement: Freely swivel five twin nylon castors for easy movement and scratch-resistant. You can move easily anywhere while sitting on it.
• Comfort: Now you can sit relax and enjoy endless gaming hours with this thick padded seat and footrest without any fatigue.
• Linkage Armrest: The linkage armrest itself adjust the angle when you reclining the backrest at a certain angle.

Dimension (+0.5 & -0.5 Inches)

• Overall Depth: 25
• Overall Width: 25
• Overall  Height: 48 – 51
• Seat Width : 19
• Seat Depth : 18.25
• Backrest Height: 33
• Seat Height From Floor: 14 – 17
• Footrest Width: 13
• Footrest Depth: 8
• Recommended Height: Up to 5’9″

Specifications

• Maximum Weight Capacity: 220 lbs.
• Foam Type: High-Quality Foam
• Adjustable Headrest Cushion: Yes
• Adjustable Lumbar Cushion: Yes
• Padded Armrest: Yes
• Reclining: 90 – 120 degree
  
• Material: PU Leather
• Footrest: Yes
• Swivel: 360 degree
• Base: 350 mm heavy-duty nylon base 
• Castors: 60 mm twin nylon castors

What’s in the Package

• All necessary parts, tools and instruction manual included in the box.